Desiccation tolerance in developing soybean seeds - the role of stress proteins. Biol., S03–39.īlackman SA, Obendorf RL and Leopold AC (1995). Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteomics, 6: 1868–1884.īies-Etheve N, Gaubier P, Cooke R, Raynal M, Aspart L and Delseny M (2003). Comparative proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in chickpea extracellular matrix during dehydration stress. Cryobiol., 43: 133–139.īhushan D, Pandey A, Choudhary MK, Datta A, Chakraborty S and Chakraborty N (2007). Inactivation of two homologues of proteins presumed to be involved in the desiccation tolerance of plants sensitizes Deinococcus radiodurans R1 to desiccation. Sequence and characterization of Lea proteins and their genes from cotton. Over-expression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhances the tolerance to salt stress and water deficit.

Plant Sci., 166: 855–862.īadawi GH, Kawano N, Yamauchi Y, Shimada E, Sasaki R, Kubo A and Tanaka K (2004). HVA1, a LEA gene from barley confers dehydration tolerance in transgenic rice ( Oryza sativa L.) via cell membrane protection. Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na +/H + antiporter in Arabidopsis. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Enhanced accumulation of BiP in transgenic plants confers tolerance to water stress. Plant Cell, 15: 439–447.Īlvim FC, Carolino SMB, Cascardo JCM, Nunes CC, Martinez CA, Otoni WC and Fontes EPB (2001). Overexpression of a plasma membrane aquaporin in transgenic tobacco improves plant vigor under favorable growth conditions but not under drought or salt stress. Nature, 13: 198–207.Īharon R, Shahak Y, Wininger S, Bendov R, Kapulnik Y and Galili G (2003). This review deals with the recent developments on genetic approaches for water stress tolerance in plants, with special emphasis on LEAs.Īebersold R and Mann M (2003). Genomic technologies have recently been useful in integrating the multigenicity of the plant stress responses through, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolite profilling and their interactions. Genetic manipulation of plants towards conferring abiotic stress tolerance is a daunting task, as the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism is highly complex and various strategies have been exploited to address and evaluate the stress tolerance mechanism, and the molecular responses to water deficit via complex signaling networks. The precise function of LEAs is still unknown, but substantial evidence indicates their involvement in dessication tolerance as the expression of LEAs confers increased resistance to stress in heterologous yeast system and also significantly improves water deficit tolerance in transgenic plants. The LEAs belong to a redundant protein family and are highly hydrophilic, boiling-soluble, non-globular and therefore have been defined and classified accordingly. Another noteworthy response is the accumulation of novel proteins, including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, antifreeze proteins, chaperones, detoxification enzymes, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases. Requisite amounts of osmolytes are hence synthesized under stress to maintain turgor along with maintaining the macromolecular structures and also for scavenging ROS. Ion homeostasis includes processes such as cellular uptake, sequestration and export in conjunction with long distance transport. Stress in general cause excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plants overcome the same by either preventing the accumulation of ROS or by eliminating the ROS formed. Hence, adaptation of plants to such stresses involves maintaining cellular homeostasis, detoxification of harmful elements and also growth alterations. Water deficit stress results in significant changes in gene expression, mediated by interconnected signal transduction pathways that may be triggered by calcium, and regulated via ABA dependent and/or independent pathways. Water deficit arises as a result of low temperature, salinity and dehydration, thereby affecting plant growth adversely and making it imperative for plants to surmount such situations by acclimatizing/adapting at various levels.

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